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电梯直达

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发表于 2014-10-1 16:20:32 |只看该作者 |倒序浏览

CoreBluetooth介绍
CoreBluetooth框架的核心其实是两个东西，peripheral和central, 可以理解成外设和中心。对应他们分别有一组相关的API和类，如下图所示:

如果你要编程的设备是central那么你大部分用到，反之亦然。在我们这个示例中，金融刷卡器是peripheral,我们的iphone手机是central,所以我将大部分使用上图中左边部分的类。使用peripheral编程的例子也有很多，比如像用一个ipad和一个iphone通讯，ipad可以认为是central，iphone端是peripheral,这种情况下在iphone端就要使用上图右边部分的类来开发了。

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四服务和特征

有个概念有必要先说明一下。什么是服务和特征呢(service and characteristic)?

每个蓝牙4.0的设备都是通过服务和特征来展示自己的，一个设备必然包含一个或多个服务，每个服务下面又包含若干个特征。特征是与外界交互的最小单位。比如说，一台蓝牙4.0设备，用特征A来描述自己的出厂信息，用特征B来与收发数据等。

服务和特征都是用UUID来唯一标识的，UUID的概念如果不清楚请自行google,国际蓝牙组织为一些很典型的设备(比如测量心跳和血压的设备)规定了标准的service UUID(特征的UUID比较多，这里就不列举了),如下:

[objc] view plain copy print ?

#define BLE_UUID_ALERT_NOTIFICATION_SERVICE 0x1811
#define BLE_UUID_BATTERY_SERVICE 0x180F
#define BLE_UUID_BLOOD_PRESSURE_SERVICE 0x1810
#define BLE_UUID_CURRENT_TIME_SERVICE 0x1805
#define BLE_UUID_CYCLING_SPEED_AND_CADENCE 0x1816
#define BLE_UUID_DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE 0x180A
#define BLE_UUID_GLUCOSE_SERVICE 0x1808
#define BLE_UUID_HEALTH_THERMOMETER_SERVICE 0x1809
#define BLE_UUID_HEART_RATE_SERVICE 0x180D
#define BLE_UUID_HUMAN_INTERFACE_DEVICE_SERVICE 0x1812
#define BLE_UUID_IMMEDIATE_ALERT_SERVICE 0x1802
#define BLE_UUID_LINK_LOSS_SERVICE 0x1803
#define BLE_UUID_NEXT_DST_CHANGE_SERVICE 0x1807
#define BLE_UUID_PHONE_ALERT_STATUS_SERVICE 0x180E
#define BLE_UUID_REFERENCE_TIME_UPDATE_SERVICE 0x1806
#define BLE_UUID_RUNNING_SPEED_AND_CADENCE 0x1814
#define BLE_UUID_SCAN_PARAMETERS_SERVICE 0x1813
#define BLE_UUID_TX_POWER_SERVICE 0x1804
#define BLE_UUID_CGM_SERVICE 0x181A

#define BLE_UUID_ALERT_NOTIFICATION_SERVICE 0x1811 #define BLE_UUID_BATTERY_SERVICE 0x180F #define BLE_UUID_BLOOD_PRESSURE_SERVICE 0x1810 #define BLE_UUID_CURRENT_TIME_SERVICE 0x1805 #define BLE_UUID_CYCLING_SPEED_AND_CADENCE 0x1816 #define BLE_UUID_DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE 0x180A #define BLE_UUID_GLUCOSE_SERVICE 0x1808 #define BLE_UUID_HEALTH_THERMOMETER_SERVICE 0x1809 #define BLE_UUID_HEART_RATE_SERVICE 0x180D #define BLE_UUID_HUMAN_INTERFACE_DEVICE_SERVICE 0x1812 #define BLE_UUID_IMMEDIATE_ALERT_SERVICE 0x1802 #define BLE_UUID_LINK_LOSS_SERVICE 0x1803 #define BLE_UUID_NEXT_DST_CHANGE_SERVICE 0x1807 #define BLE_UUID_PHONE_ALERT_STATUS_SERVICE 0x180E #define BLE_UUID_REFERENCE_TIME_UPDATE_SERVICE 0x1806 #define BLE_UUID_RUNNING_SPEED_AND_CADENCE 0x1814 #define BLE_UUID_SCAN_PARAMETERS_SERVICE 0x1813 #define BLE_UUID_TX_POWER_SERVICE 0x1804 #define BLE_UUID_CGM_SERVICE 0x181A

当然还有很多设备并不在这个标准列表里，比如我用的这个金融刷卡器。蓝牙设备硬件厂商通常都会提供他们的设备里面各个服务(service)和特征(characteristics)的功能，比如哪些是用来交互(读写)，哪些可获取模块信息(只读)等。

五实现细节

作为一个中心要实现完整的通讯，一般要经过这样几个步骤：

建立中心角色—扫描外设（discover）—连接外设(connect)—扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)—与外设做数据交互(explore and interact)—断开连接(disconnect)。

1建立中心角色

首先在我自己类的头文件中要包含CoreBluetooth的头文件，并继承两个协议<CBCentralManagerDelegate,CBPeripheralDelegate>，代码如下:

[objc] view plain copy print ?

#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>
CBCentralManager *manager;
manager = [[CBCentralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:nil];

#import <CoreBluetooth/CoreBluetooth.h>CBCentralManager *manager;manager = [[CBCentralManager alloc] initWithDelegate:self queue:nil];

2扫描外设（discover）

代码如下:

[objc] view plain copy print ?

[manager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil optionsptions];

[manager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:nil options

ptions];

这个参数应该也是可以指定特定的peripheral的UUID,那么理论上这个central只会discover这个特定的设备，但是我实际测试发现，如果用特定的UUID传参根本找不到任何设备，我用的代码如下:

[objc] view plain copy print ?

NSArray *uuidArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[CBUUID UUIDWithString"1800"],[CBUUID UUIDWithString"180A"],
[CBUUID UUIDWithString"1CB2D155-33A0-EC21-6011-CD4B50710777"],[CBUUID UUIDWithString"6765D311-DD4C-9C14-74E1-A431BBFD0652"],nil];
[manager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:uuidArray optionsptions];

NSArray *uuidArray = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:[CBUUID UUIDWithString

"1800"],[CBUUID UUIDWithString

"180A"],[CBUUID UUIDWithString

"1CB2D155-33A0-EC21-6011-CD4B50710777"],[CBUUID UUIDWithString

"6765D311-DD4C-9C14-74E1-A431BBFD0652"],nil]; [manager scanForPeripheralsWithServices:uuidArray options

ptions];
目前不清楚原因，怀疑和设备本身在的广播包有关。

3连接外设(connect)
当扫描到4.0的设备后，系统会通过回调函数告诉我们设备的信息，然后我们就可以连接相应的设备，代码如下:

[objc] view plain copy print ?

- (void)centralManagerCBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheralCBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementDataNSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSINSNumber *)RSSI
{
if(![_dicoveredPeripherals containsObject:peripheral])
[_dicoveredPeripherals addObject:peripheral];
NSLog(@"dicoveredPeripherals:%@", _dicoveredPeripherals);
}

- (void)centralManager

CBCentralManager *)central didDiscoverPeripheral

CBPeripheral *)peripheral advertisementData

NSDictionary *)advertisementData RSSI

NSNumber *)RSSI{ if(![_dicoveredPeripherals containsObject:peripheral]) [_dicoveredPeripherals addObject:peripheral]; NSLog(@"dicoveredPeripherals:%@", _dicoveredPeripherals);}

[objc] view plain copy print ?

//连接指定的设备
-(BOOL)connectCBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
NSLog(@"connect start");
_testPeripheral = nil;
[manager connectPeripheral:peripheral
options:[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnDisconnectionKey]];
//开一个定时器监控连接超时的情况
connectTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:5.0f target:self selectorselector(connectTimeout userInfo:peripheral repeats:NO];
return (YES);
}

//连接指定的设备-(BOOL)connect

CBPeripheral *)peripheral{ NSLog(@"connect start"); _testPeripheral = nil; [manager connectPeripheral:peripheral options:[NSDictionary dictionaryWithObject:[NSNumber numberWithBool:YES] forKey:CBConnectPeripheralOptionNotifyOnDisconnectionKey]]; //开一个定时器监控连接超时的情况 connectTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:5.0f target:self selector

selector(connectTimeout

userInfo:peripheral repeats:NO]; return (YES);}

4扫描外设中的服务和特征(discover)
同样的，当连接成功后，系统会通过回调函数告诉我们，然后我们就在这个回调里去扫描设备下所有的服务和特征，代码如下:

[objc] view plain copy print ?

- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral
{
[connectTimer invalidate];//停止时钟
NSLog(@"Did connect to peripheral: %@", peripheral);
_testPeripheral = peripheral;
[peripheral setDelegate:self];
[peripheral discoverServices:nil];
}

- (void)centralManager:(CBCentralManager *)central didConnectPeripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral{ [connectTimer invalidate];//停止时钟 NSLog(@"Did connect to peripheral: %@", peripheral); _testPeripheral = peripheral; [peripheral setDelegate:self]; [peripheral discoverServices:nil]; }

一个设备里的服务和特征往往比较多，大部分情况下我们只是关心其中几个，所以一般会在发现服务和特征的回调里去匹配我们关心那些，比如下面的代码:

[objc] view plain copy print ?

- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error
{
NSLog(@"didDiscoverServices");
if (error)
{
NSLog(@"Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]);
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidNotifyFailConnectService:withPeripheral:error])
[self.delegate DidNotifyFailConnectService:nil withPeripheral:nil error:nil];
return;
}
for (CBService *service in peripheral.services)
{
if ([service.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:UUIDSTR_ISSC_PROPRIETARY_SERVICE]])
{
NSLog(@"Service found with UUID: %@", service.UUID);
[peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service];
isVPOS3356 = YES;
break;
}
}
}

- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverServices:(NSError *)error{ NSLog(@"didDiscoverServices"); if (error) { NSLog(@"Discovered services for %@ with error: %@", peripheral.name, [error localizedDescription]); if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidNotifyFailConnectService:withPeripheral:error

]) [self.delegate DidNotifyFailConnectService:nil withPeripheral:nil error:nil]; return; } for (CBService *service in peripheral.services) { if ([service.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:UUIDSTR_ISSC_PROPRIETARY_SERVICE]]) { NSLog(@"Service found with UUID: %@", service.UUID); [peripheral discoverCharacteristics:nil forService:service]; isVPOS3356 = YES; break; } }}
[objc] view plain copy print ?

- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error
{
if (error)
{
NSLog(@"Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]);
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidNotifyFailConnectChar:withPeripheral:error])
[self.delegate DidNotifyFailConnectChar:nil withPeripheral:nil error:nil];
return;
}
for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics)
{
if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:UUIDSTR_ISSC_TRANS_TX]])
{
NSLog(@"Discovered read characteristics:%@ for service: %@", characteristic.UUID, service.UUID);
_readCharacteristic = characteristic;//保存读的特征
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidFoundReadChar])
[self.delegate DidFoundReadChar:characteristic];
break;
}
}
for (CBCharacteristic * characteristic in service.characteristics)
{
if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:UUIDSTR_ISSC_TRANS_RX]])
{
NSLog(@"Discovered write characteristics:%@ for service: %@", characteristic.UUID, service.UUID);
_writeCharacteristic = characteristic;//保存写的特征
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidFoundWriteChar])
[self.delegate DidFoundWriteChar:characteristic];
break;
}
}
if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidFoundCharacteristic:withPeripheral:error])
[self.delegate DidFoundCharacteristic:nil withPeripheral:nil error:nil];
}

- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didDiscoverCharacteristicsForService:(CBService *)service error:(NSError *)error { if (error) { NSLog(@"Discovered characteristics for %@ with error: %@", service.UUID, [error localizedDescription]); if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidNotifyFailConnectChar:withPeripheral:error

]) [self.delegate DidNotifyFailConnectChar:nil withPeripheral:nil error:nil]; return; } for (CBCharacteristic *characteristic in service.characteristics) { if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:UUIDSTR_ISSC_TRANS_TX]]) { NSLog(@"Discovered read characteristics:%@ for service: %@", characteristic.UUID, service.UUID); _readCharacteristic = characteristic;//保存读的特征 if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidFoundReadChar

]) [self.delegate DidFoundReadChar:characteristic]; break; } } for (CBCharacteristic * characteristic in service.characteristics) { if ([characteristic.UUID isEqual:[CBUUID UUIDWithString:UUIDSTR_ISSC_TRANS_RX]]) { NSLog(@"Discovered write characteristics:%@ for service: %@", characteristic.UUID, service.UUID); _writeCharacteristic = characteristic;//保存写的特征 if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidFoundWriteChar:)]) [self.delegate DidFoundWriteChar:characteristic]; break; } } if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidFoundCharacteristic:withPeripheral:error:)]) [self.delegate DidFoundCharacteristic:nil withPeripheral:nil error:nil]; }
相信你应该已经注意到了，回调函数都是以"did"开头的，这些函数不用你调用，达到条件后系统后自动调用。

5与外设做数据交互(explore and interact)

发送数据很简单，我们可以封装一个如下的函数:

[objc] view plain copy print ?

//写数据
-(void)writeChar:(NSData *)data
{
[_testPeripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:_writeCharacteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];
}

//写数据-(void)writeChar:(NSData *)data{ [_testPeripheral writeValue:data forCharacteristic:_writeCharacteristic type:CBCharacteristicWriteWithResponse];}

_testPeripheral和_writeCharacteristic是前面我们保存的设备对象和可以读写的特征。

然后我们可以在外部调用它，比如当然我要触发刷卡时，先组好数据包，然后调用发送函数:

[objc] view plain copy print ?

-(void)msrRead
{
unsigned char command[512] = {0};
unsigned charchar *pTmp;
int nSendLen = 0;
unsigned char ucCrc[3] = {0};
_commandType = COMMAND_MSR_READ;
pTmp = command;
*pTmp = 0x02;//start
pTmp++;
*pTmp = 0xc1;//main cmd
pTmp++;
*pTmp = 0x07;//sub cmd
pTmp++;
nSendLen = 2;
*pTmp = nSendLen/256;
pTmp++;
*pTmp = nSendLen%256;
pTmp++;
*pTmp = 0x00;//sub cmd
pTmp++;
*pTmp = 0x00;//sub cmd
pTmp++;
Crc16CCITT(command+1,pTmp-command-1,ucCrc);
memcpy(pTmp,ucCrc,2);
NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:&command length:9];
NSLog(@"send data:%@", data);
[g_BLEInstance.recvData setLength:0];
[g_BLEInstance writeChar:data];
}

-(void)msrRead{ unsigned char command[512] = {0}; unsigned char *pTmp; int nSendLen = 0; unsigned char ucCrc[3] = {0}; _commandType = COMMAND_MSR_READ; pTmp = command; *pTmp = 0x02;//start pTmp++; *pTmp = 0xc1;//main cmd pTmp++; *pTmp = 0x07;//sub cmd pTmp++; nSendLen = 2; *pTmp = nSendLen/256; pTmp++; *pTmp = nSendLen%256; pTmp++; *pTmp = 0x00;//sub cmd pTmp++; *pTmp = 0x00;//sub cmd pTmp++; Crc16CCITT(command+1,pTmp-command-1,ucCrc); memcpy(pTmp,ucCrc,2); NSData *data = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:&command length:9]; NSLog(@"send data:%@", data); [g_BLEInstance.recvData setLength:0]; [g_BLEInstance writeChar:data];}

数据的读分为两种，一种是直接读(reading directly),另外一种是订阅(subscribe)。从名字也能基本理解两者的不同。实际使用中具体用一种要看具体的应用场景以及特征本身的属性。前一个好理解，特征本身的属性是指什么呢？特征有个properties字段(characteristic.properties),它是一个整型值,有如下几个定义:

[objc] view plain copy print ?

enum {
CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast = 0x01,
CBCharacteristicPropertyRead = 0x02,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse = 0x04,
CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite = 0x08,
CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify = 0x10,
CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate = 0x20,
CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites = 0x40,
CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties = 0x80,
};

enum { CBCharacteristicPropertyBroadcast = 0x01, CBCharacteristicPropertyRead = 0x02, CBCharacteristicPropertyWriteWithoutResponse = 0x04, CBCharacteristicPropertyWrite = 0x08, CBCharacteristicPropertyNotify = 0x10, CBCharacteristicPropertyIndicate = 0x20, CBCharacteristicPropertyAuthenticatedSignedWrites = 0x40, CBCharacteristicPropertyExtendedProperties = 0x80, };

比如说，你要交互的特征，它的properties的值是0x10,表示你只能用订阅的方式来接收数据。我这里是用订阅的方式，启动订阅的代码如下:

[objc] view plain copy print ?

//监听设备
-(void)startSubscribe
{
[_testPeripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:_readCharacteristic];
}

//监听设备-(void)startSubscribe{ [_testPeripheral setNotifyValue:YES forCharacteristic:_readCharacteristic];}

当设备有数据返回时，同样是通过一个系统回调通知我，如下所示:

[objc] view plain copy print ?

- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error
{
if (error)
{
NSLog(@"Error updating value for characteristic %@ error: %@", characteristic.UUID, [error localizedDescription]);
if ([_mainMenuDelegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidNotifyReadError:)])
[_mainMenuDelegate DidNotifyReadError:error];
return;
}
[_recvData appendData:characteristic.value];
if ([_recvData length] >= 5)//已收到长度
{
unsigned charchar *buffer = (unsigned charchar *)[_recvData bytes];
int nLen = buffer[3]*256 + buffer[4];
if ([_recvData length] == (nLen+3+2+2))
{
//接收完毕，通知代理做事
if ([_mainMenuDelegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidNotifyReadData)])
[_mainMenuDelegate DidNotifyReadData];
}
}
}

- (void)peripheral:(CBPeripheral *)peripheral didUpdateValueForCharacteristic:(CBCharacteristic *)characteristic error:(NSError *)error{ if (error) { NSLog(@"Error updating value for characteristic %@ error: %@", characteristic.UUID, [error localizedDescription]); if ([_mainMenuDelegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidNotifyReadError:)]) [_mainMenuDelegate DidNotifyReadError:error]; return; } [_recvData appendData:characteristic.value]; if ([_recvData length] >= 5)//已收到长度 { unsigned char *buffer = (unsigned char *)[_recvData bytes]; int nLen = buffer[3]*256 + buffer[4]; if ([_recvData length] == (nLen+3+2+2)) { //接收完毕，通知代理做事 if ([_mainMenuDelegate respondsToSelector:@selector(DidNotifyReadData)]) [_mainMenuDelegate DidNotifyReadData]; } }}

6 断开连接(disconnect)

这个比较简单，只需要一个API就行了,代码如下:

[objc] view plain copy print ?

//主动断开设备
-(void)disConnect
{
if (_testPeripheral != nil)
{
NSLog(@"disConnect start");
[manager cancelPeripheralConnection:_testPeripheral];
}
}

//主动断开设备-(void)disConnect{ if (_testPeripheral != nil) { NSLog(@"disConnect start"); [manager cancelPeripheralConnection:_testPeripheral]; }}

六成果展示

上几张效果图，UI没怎么修饰，主要关注功能,实现了读取磁道信息，与金融ic卡进行APDU交互等功能。

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